System
Process management — ps, kill, lsof, htop
## See processes `ps aux` — all processes `ps aux | grep name` — filter by name `pgrep name` — get PID by name `htop` / `top` — interactive monitor ## Kill `kill PID` — graceful (SIGTERM) `kill -9 PID` — force (SIGKILL) `pkill name` — kill by name `killall name` — kill all matching ## Network `lsof -i :PORT` — what's using a port `netstat -tlnp` — listening TCP ports (Linux) `ss -tlnp` — modern netstat replacement ## Background jobs (shell) `cmd &` — run in background `jobs` — list backgrounded `fg %1` — bring job 1 to foreground